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美國(guó)完整基因公司(Complete Genomics)
　獲得完整的個(gè)人基因密碼序列，需要花費(fèi)多少錢(qián)？35萬(wàn)美元？這是去年冬季的價(jià)格。瑞士百萬(wàn)富翁丹·斯多埃塞斯庫(kù)(Dan Stoicescu)選擇了以購(gòu)買(mǎi)一輛賓利汽車(chē)的價(jià)格，得到了自己的基因圖譜。當(dāng)時(shí)，丹·斯多埃塞斯庫(kù)很清楚，再過(guò)幾個(gè)月，這個(gè)價(jià)格就會(huì)像股票一樣大幅下跌。果不其然，據(jù)美國(guó)應(yīng)用生物系統(tǒng)公司上個(gè)月公布的報(bào)告，在未來(lái)的六個(gè)星期中，購(gòu)買(mǎi)個(gè)人完整基因組圖譜只需要6萬(wàn)美元。有科學(xué)家估計(jì)，在未來(lái)的三年中，這個(gè)價(jià)格甚至?xí)抵?000美元。不過(guò)，科學(xué)家似乎對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)果仍然不甘心，他們的目標(biāo)是——100美元，相當(dāng)于一條牛仔褲的價(jià)格。

　　五年后，100美元

　　“在十年前，人們可能還會(huì)覺(jué)得我們的這個(gè)項(xiàng)目只是科幻電影。”瑞多基·德芒納克(Radoje Drmanac)是美國(guó)完整染基因公司(Complete Genomics)的首席科學(xué)家，該公司位于加利福尼亞山景城(Mountain View, CA)。他所說(shuō)的項(xiàng)目，正是這個(gè)讓人花100美元就能了解自己遺傳密碼的工程。在整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的研究中，完整染色體組公司得到了生物納米矩陣公司(BioNanomatrix)的納米技術(shù)支持。他們正在全力開(kāi)發(fā)的快速基因測(cè)序方法，能在24小時(shí)內(nèi)完整讀取個(gè)人基因圖譜。盡管這個(gè)讓基因測(cè)序變得平民化的夢(mèng)想，至少還需要五年的時(shí)間去實(shí)現(xiàn)，但瑞多基·德芒納克他們?nèi)匀粚?duì)此充滿了信心。

　　說(shuō)到技術(shù)層面，瑞多基·德芒納克所采用的技術(shù)，與要在三年內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)1000美元完整基因組測(cè)序的美國(guó)基因公司(US Genomics)基本上屬于同一種思路。其核心在于一種名為“納米流體”(Nanofluidic)的芯片。在這種比一片手指甲還小的芯片里，納米級(jí)的流體拖曳出DNA分子長(zhǎng)鏈，讓其中的分子徐徐展開(kāi)，通過(guò)像保齡球瓶一樣排列的管道中。這時(shí)芯片會(huì)取一個(gè)基因組作為參考，用熒光標(biāo)記被測(cè)DNA鏈中與參考基因組不同的堿基對(duì)。DNA鏈通過(guò)管道時(shí)，探測(cè)器就順勢(shì)讀取這些用熒光做過(guò)標(biāo)記堿基對(duì)的順序。然后，添上與參考基因組相同的堿基對(duì)，就完成了成為整個(gè)基因的序列。這種快速方法每分鐘可以測(cè)序大約200000個(gè)堿基對(duì)。


  

Complete Genomics' high quality, affordable DNA sequencing enables commercial-scale research of the genetic mechanisms underlying drug responses and complex diseases.

Complete Genomics combines innovative technology with a disruptive market approach that will revolutionize DNA sequencing.
Corporate Vision

Many chronic and life-threatening diseases have a genetic basis, but current technology cannot analyze the human genome in a sufficiently complete or cost-effective manner to enable researchers to understand the entire disease pathway. This incomplete understanding of the genetic interactions involved in disease limits healthcare outcomes by hindering the development of tailored drugs, diagnostics, and advanced disease prevention techniques.

Origin of an Idea

Complete Genomics was established in March 2006 by Dr. Clifford Reid, Dr. Radoje Drmanac, and Mr. John Curson, who shared a vision to provide high-throughput, affordable, and complete genome sequencing of human populations. Their goal was to enable commercial-scale research of the genetic mechanisms underlying drug responses and complex diseases, ensuring important advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic markets.

Flourishing Company

Just over two years later, Complete Genomics has already sequenced its first genome and has made plans to sequence 1,000 genomes in 2009. In 2010, the company intends to sequence 20,000 genomes. Complete Genomics’ mission is to become the global leader in human genome sequencing. It is currently building the world’s largest human genome sequencing center in California. By 2010, Complete Genomics intends to have more than 50% of the worldwide human DNA sequencing capacity. Further expansion is planned by opening sequencing centers worldwide.

Winning Strategy

By offering low-cost, high-quality, complete DNA sequencing, Complete Genomics will power large-scale human genome studies. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that had been previously priced out of the market will finally be able to access population-wide human genomic data for a wide variety of diagnostic and discovery applications. This exploration will provide new avenues for therapeutic and diagnostic discovery by furthering researchers’ understanding of the complex genetic interplay involved in some of the most devastating human diseases.